Green Economy Future Energy locomotive

Uzbekistan also has an increasing demand for electricity as population growth and economy sectors develop and people's living standards improve. In the last five years, we have confirmed the opinion that electricity consumption in our country has increased by 20 percent, including 31 percent in the consumption of the population. It is noteworthy that this number does not stop somewhere, the growth is 6 percent per year. 
In fact, the pace of development observed in all areas is, above all, increasing the need for electricity. Uzbekistan has set clear goals in this regard and is boldly pursuing this goal.
In particular, the new Uzbekistan development strategy for 2022-2026 is tasked with actively introducing green economy technologies to all sectors, introducing energy-efficient technologies in production, increasing the energy efficiency of the economy by 20% by 2026 by expanding the use of renewable energy sources, and reducing the volume of harmful gases released into the air by 20%.
In this regard, comprehensive measures are being implemented in our republic to expand the use of renewable solar and wind energy in the energy sector, to reduce the use of energy-efficient devices and energy consumption, thereby maintaining hydrocarbon reserves for the future generation, to mitigate the environmental situation.
What do we know about solar panels?
If you pay attention, then in our country in recent times a serious introduction has been made to the acceleration of the use of alternative energy sources.
With the relevant decisions and decrees of our president, the legal mechanisms for this are strengthened and the foundations are being laid to promote and encourage the use of alternative energy sources.
In Uzbekistan, more than 300 days of the year are Sunny, and the technical potential of solar energy is 265.9 million tons of conditional fuel, which makes it necessary to use this opportunity wisely. Solar energy is given today by converting it into electricity through solar panels, which are becoming increasingly popular in our language. Therefore, let's start our opinion from this at first. What is solar panels itself and how does it work?
By connecting silicon-based plates in Series or parallel, a solar panel is formed. It is also called solar battery, photoelectric battery. One solar element with silicon content gives a constant current with an average voltage of 0.6 volts. If we want to get an electric current with a voltage of 12 volts, we need to interconnect 20 solar elements.
Solar panels can be viewed as electronic equipment that converts light directly into electricity.
Crystal silicon technologies based on modern solar photovoltaic panels account for more than 90 percent of the production now operating in the world. The reason is, in terms of the mass of the Earth's crust, about 30 percent consists of a Silicon element, and the technology of obtaining it is much cheaper.
According to the 2021 reports on the world energy and production market, the volume of the world Silicon market rose to $ 10.2 billion. In this regard, more than 90 of global production corresponds to the contribution of China, Brazil, Norway, France and the United States.
In Uzbekistan in 2014, a technical silicon production plant "uz-Shindong Silicon" was launched in cooperation with South Korea in the Angren Special Economic Zone. The project capacity of the plant is equal to 6 thousand tons of technical Silicon per year. In addition, since 2020, the production of monocrystalline silicon in the form of plates and cylinders has been established for the production of solar elements in the Navoi free economic zone.
Today, Germany, Japan, China USA, Spain and India lead in the use of renewable energy sources. In addition to the fact that Germany is considered a state that has abandoned nuclear power plants, every year, based on projects such as the "green corridor", "green space", residential and administrative buildings and structures are moving to the path of obtaining "environmentally friendly" energy by installing solar panels on the roof. Based on the development program announced in this country, it is planned to get 20% of the share of electricity from energy devices based on alternative energy sources by 2024.
While China is the leader in the production and sale of solar panels on the world market between 2010 and 2022, now a number of European countries, as well as Japan, the United States, Malaysia, are among the pioneers. According to the quality indicator, cost, shelf life and other similar technical and economic indicators of the production of solar panels, the companies "Longi Solar", "LG Energy", "Jinko Solar", "SunPower" are much more popular.
Three times more sources than Uzbekistan's annual need
The use of solar energy within renewable energy types is very convenient for Uzbekistan. Its gross potential is 98.6 percent of the potential of all types of renewable energy. In fact, the most efficient use of this energy has come down to us from our ancestors and is absorbed into our blood and blood. Because it is still used for drying fruits and vegetables from solar energy, fodder for livestock in winter, heating water in the storm and other purposes.
According to research, the technical potential of renewable energy sources in Uzbekistan is 180 million tons of oil equivalent.
This means more than three times the annual energy resource demand.
Today, a number of projects are being implemented in our country on the use of solar and wind energy in the sectors of the economy, objects of the social sphere and in residential areas. In particular, for the first time in 2021, the capacity in the Karmana District of Navoi region is 100 MW.lik solar photovoltaic station has been launched, with a capacity of 100 in Nurabad District of Samarkand region MVt.ga an equivalent large solar photovoltaic station was commissioned.
According to the Ministry of energy, according to the target indicators of the development of solar energy in our republic before 2030, the total capacity is 7 thousand MW. a total of 7 major projects are underway to build solar photovoltaic plants.
In our country, the field of practical use of renewable energy sources is sufficiently stimulated. In particular, by the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on the use of renewable energy sources", adopted on May 21, 2019, energy producers use renewable energy devices (with a nominal capacity of 0.1 mW. and more) are exempt from paying property taxes for installation and from paying land taxes on the area occupied by these devices for a period of ten years from the moment they are commissioned.
 

It is also established that persons using renewable energy in residential areas completely disconnected from existing energy resource networks will be exempt from land tax for a period of three years from the month in which renewable energy was used.
At the same time, the total capacity by 2030 is 8 thousand MW. a plan of measures for the construction of solar and wind power plants has been developed.
According to the decree of the head of our state dated September 9, 2022 "on additional measures for the introduction of energy-saving technologies and the development of small-capacity renewable energy sources", it is established to introduce energy-saving technologies and attract preferential credit lines of international financial institutions and foreign banks in order to develop the direction of small-capacity renewable energy sources.
In the construction of solar and wind power plants at large capacities, a number of lightness and benefits are established for the implementation of invest-projects of foreign companies. In particular, the establishment of state-partnership cooperation mechanisms with foreign companies serves to increase economic attractiveness in the development of the industry.
The introduction of dshh mechanisms in the field of renewable energy ensures that leading foreign companies with advanced innovation technical and technological solutions as independent electricity producers are directly involved in the domestic production market of investments.
According to data, at present, a 1-kilowatt solar power plant designed to cover the need for domestic energy, without taking into account the heating system, will cost the consumer almost 10 million rubles. Today, there are 3 production projects operating in the domestic market of renewable energy devices. Energy storage devices "Ozikkilamchiranglimetall", biogas devices" Uzbekneftgaz", as well as small-capacity solar power plants are produced at enterprises in the" Uzeltexsanoat " system. As long as the need for such devices is growing today, it cannot be said that this is enough. This requires the development of mechanisms for the rapid expansion of the network of devices of renewable energy sources.
Localization protects against geopolitics
In general, the process of localizing the production of equipment for power plants based on renewable energy sources serves to fulfill many tasks, such as developing competition and reducing the cost of creating a "green" future. The first step — the transfer of necessary technologies has already been taken. The task at Gal should focus on the commissioning, scaling up of these technological lines, the production of renewable energy technologies and the main components of power plants. This creates a demand for specialists in the field of design, construction and operation of these types of stations, services, as well as for scientific large-scale developments in improving existing technologies, increasing competitiveness.
In addition, a full-fledged industrial cluster of renewable energy increases resistance to geopolitical threats.
Now the work on the development of alternative energy sources in the world has entered a rapid pace. As a result of the use of modern techniques-technologies and devices based on them, the industry is significantly advancing. This can be cited as an example of the fact that in countries such as Germany, China, Korea, Japan, the United States, the share of renewable energy sources increases year after year in the production of electricity and heat.
As a result of the measures taken to use alternative energy in the world experience, the cost of solar energy technologies in the world energy market has decreased, and solar panels and solar water heating collectors are becoming more and more popular. They are installed not only in administrative-domestic buildings-structures, but also in residential areas. The number of electric cars is also increasing.
Fuel for the future generation has become an urgent issue on the agenda, saving resources and raw materials and making good use of them. It is the use of renewable energy that has its positive impact on the economy of each country. In particular, fossil fuel savings are achieved through the use of renewable energy devices in this regard.
A report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) for 2022 cited the worldwide installed capacity of renewable energy devices to exceed 3,000 gigawatts. This means that it is possible to economy about 3349 billion cubic meters of natural gas.
When it comes to natural resources, it is worth noting the decision of our president on February 16, 2023 "on measures to accelerate the introduction of renewable energy sources and energy-saving technologies in 2023". Because thanks to this decision alone, the total capacity in 2023 is 4 thousand 300 MW. as a result of the installation of renewable energy sources, it is envisaged to generate an additional 5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity and to economy 4.8 billion meters of cubic natural gas. In general, it is noteworthy that our country aims to save about 3 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year in exchange for bringing the share of renewable energy sources to 25% by 2026. This is a sign that serious attention is paid to the development of the use of alternative energy types in Uzbekistan.
Measures are being taken to reduce the energy volatility of the economy and the volume of harmful gases released into the air by actively introducing green energy and green economy technologies into all sectors.
Research by research institutes and leading experts in the field has shown that organizations are able to cover more than 80% of fossil fuel resources through the use of renewable energy devices (solar panels and solar collectors)in Heat Supply Systems. In addition, the focus on increasing the number of electric buses in public transport, as a whole, the consistent penetration of alternative energies into the entire industry and network means that there are major changes, renewable energy sources will become the locomotive of the future energy.

Sanjar Shoqochqorov, 
Associate professor of Tashkent State Technical University, 
doctor of philosophy in technical sciences (PhD)