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What was the "fault" of Uzbek jadid women who studied abroad?



...My soul remained in torment. I have no one to open my heart. I want to pour my heart on paper. With this intention, I took a pen in my hand. My conscience was pure. I was given and worked with conscience. but even though I had never committed a crime, I was put back in prison. o they who knew how much I had been left in torment... In 1954, I returned to my country again and began to work in the dark village of Urganch... ...The press is a school of social life! Press-a flag that encourages people to advance! So I can't understand why I can't read a newspaper. how can a person who is not aware of what is happening in his native land serve him, what benefits can he bring to his people?".
When we get acquainted with the articles and letters of Uzbek jadid women, accompanied by Bahrom Irzaev, a scientific officer of the State Museum of the memory of the victims of repression, we witness that the Uzbek women in the ranks of our jadid grandfathers, who went to great lengths in their desire to build a new life in those Surny years, were partially However... although they are short, the instructive part is an immortal lesson for us!
As their noble ideas are resurrected in our hearts at the moment when we repeatedly mention the names of our grandfathers and mothers who gave their lives on the path of prosperity, knowledge and enlightenment of our native land, our nation, we begin to realize in greater depth that we need to receive this great power-the honor of the motherland, knowledge for the sake of
- Bahrom brother, when we were familiar with the sources, you said, emphasizing a sentence:"...From the Uzbek jadid woman Maryam Sultanmurodova, the Bolsheviks were extremely sympathetic." In what realities are the aspects, qualities above contemporaries of Uzbek women who stood in the ranks of our grandfathers and fought for the prosperity of the country and the nation? What was Maryam Khan's" fault"?
- Our ancestors looked at mothers as nation-owners. After all, great people are bred by mothers with a high level of knowledge. There were a lot of women in our nation who were great nobles, poets and faqiha. And the topic of Jadid women requires separate studies. Above all, our jadid grandfathers were able to awaken in the minds of people of that time a special sense of respect and reverence for women. They did not want the children of the nation to be raised by women who were oppressed "by hand, by head." It has been repeatedly stated that"we should not pay less attention to our daughters than boys".
When you go to the King Zindah, you will witness that the most of the tombs in the tombs of the Amir Temur period belong to women. Do you say that there are many madrasahs named after women, especially in our history? So, our ingenious mothers have long considered it their pride to sponsor science. Maryamkhan Sultanmurodova, among the followers of such women, was also educated in Germany. From him, the Bolsheviks were really exclamation. Because she was the daughter of Jumaniyoz Sultanmurodov, a haughty and progressive person from Khwarezm. Jumaniyoz Sultanmurodov served as the head of the military tribunal, chairman of the Council of people's commissars of the Khwarezm people's Republic, Secretary of the Khwarezm compartment. After Maryam Sultanmurodova graduated from the maorif school gymnasium in Tashkent in 1919, she studied at the Orenburg tatar Pedagogical Institute in 1920-1921 for the purpose of Higher Education. Upon her arrival in Khwarezm during the summer break of 1921, Anadi was appointed to head first the literary department and then the women's department at the Central Board of the Khwarezm Compartiya. However, the harsh historical conditions and difficulties do not allow him to work as much as he can. As a result, in July 1922, he came to Tashkent and submitted documents to the working Faculty of the Central Asian State University. In October 1922, Maryam Sultanmurodova was inducted into the ranks of students being sent by the Government of Bukhara to study in Germany. He received his education at the Darmstadt higher seminary from 1924-1926. And in 1926-1927 he had an internship near Berlin at the "Fraunshulle" school in Potsdam. During the summer holidays of 1927, Khairiniso will be with Majidkhanova from July 29 to August 18 in the city of Paris. Their 2-3-minute meeting with Ahmad Naim and Mustafa Chouqay in the kitchen of the Paris opera House was the main pretext for later repression. From the autumn of 1927, Mary graduated from professor Finkelstein's six-month nursing course in the Vedding District of Berlin and returned to the USSR in 1928.
With the arrival of Maryam Sultanmurodova in her homeland, interrogation and persecution began. At first, they did not work from anywhere. Only in February 1929, with the help of a German-educated Badri Saifulmulk, she got a job as a nurse at the Institute for the preservation of childhood and motherhood, which is under the health Commissariat of Uzbekistan. Maryam started a family with Asqar Ahmadbekov in late 1929 and lived in Cuttackurgan until 1933. When her husband was imprisoned, she returned to Tashkent in 1933 and went to work at the Central Asian State University. However, 1934 was again out of work.
She then joined" Gulistan "magazine, and from 1936, the women's magazine" Bright marriage", as a literary employee. Maryam began to be known in the Uzbek press for her translations from German literature and articles on acute social problems of women. On September 13, 1937, Maryam Sultanmurodova studied in Germany, was accused of being a member of the spy organization "Turkis ton", and six-month-old Nora with her daughter Anora was girifted into prison suffering. Returning to his homeland at the end of his sentence, he began working as a nurse at the Yangibazor Citizens ' Assembly in Urgench district. However, his joy did not go far again. He was re-imprisoned on 30 March 1949, and this time was also exiled to the remote Krasnoyarsk Territory for his old "crimes".
Maryam Sultanmurodova was acquitted by the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on August 2, 1957. However, he did not see roshno even after his full acquittal. The persecution did not stop, let alone engage in journalism in the field of love, it was also prevented from reading his press pages.
Even these injustices could not break Mary's will, not finding herself guilty for a moment. He believed in reality, did not lose his humanity. With this, he remained as a personification of human perseverance in the shameful history of the Salt Lake system. Many articles and essays on the pen of Maryam Sultanmurodova, such as "love in the eye", "unexpected happiness", "nidosi of my heart", "thank you desins", "Majnuntol", "when the caravans come", "the carefree young man", testify to the high talent of this woman.
- It turns out that Ms. Matluba Muhammad, a 17-year-old disciple of Chulpan, 's poem beginning with the verses, "my nation, so crushed in the hands of Mudam Chor", shook the country of the Salo during that time. When this poem was repeatedly published in the European press, the saloons say that it closed the Uzbek educational institute in Moscow, where a talented poet was studying...
- Indeed, the rebellious voice of one personality struck a whole country. You have now memorialized Ms. Matluba's poem "on the Kurtulush road". After Sattor translates this poem into compelling German, these fiery verses become popular. "No matter how much pressure the Showmen put, our literature continues to grow steppe, the nation's ambitions are thrown out of the hearts of this selfless girl," says the proud translator.
Matluba is the daughter of Nurmuhammad Dadamuhammedov, the famous jadid teacher of Muhammad Margilan. He was a talented youth of his time. Matluba studied in the Kokand knowledge land until 1926. 1927 moved her studies to the women's educational institution in Tashkent, and then went in the footsteps of her sister Mahbuba Dadamuhammedova and entered the Uzbek educational institute in Moscow. There he learned the secrets of poetry from the famous poet Chulpan, Botu, Shakir Sulayman. Shokirjan Rahimiy, Qayum Ramadan, Abdulhai Tojiev enjoyed the conversation. Matluba became very popular, especially during the enlightened nights of Uzbek students, reading fiery poems on the patriotic theme of Chulpan and writing poems on the same subject himself. This fame of him goes beyond the borders of the country of Shaw and goes all the way to the European press. And because of this" popularity", a special article was published in Moscow in the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper against him, and as a result, he was expelled from his studies. Soon after, Matluba writes a petition and is restored to his studies, proving that the charges against him are libelous. This was also caused by the intervention of the Uzbek government on the one hand, and by Matluba's appeal to the Italian embassy for citizenship on the other.
As if the Soviet government had found a solution to the problem by closing the Uzbek educational institution.
Matlubachon, on the other hand, continued his studies by entering the Moscow Music technical school without returning to Tashkent. 1929 got acquainted with Wasik Muhammedov, a student of the Leningrad Institute of architecture. 1933 comes to Tashkent where Wasik Muhammedov marries Matluba. Wasik Muhammedov (1905-1938) was in his time the pride of Munavvarqori's "sample" School, a participant in Fitrat's "Chikhatoy gurungi", an activist of the association "help". He was one of the incomparable young men of his time. Even in the sweetest moments of the lives of Wasik Muhammedov and the beautiful Matlubakhan, the Stalin chief totalitarian regime put his ugly paw. Imprisoned on 17 December 1937, Wasiq Muhammedov was shot on 5 October 1938. On January 17, 1938, Matluba Muhammad, a stage 3 student of the Tashkent Medical Institute, was also imprisoned. At the first interrogation on January 19, he stated that the spouse had no fault with the state and the people. At a second interrogation on 21 February 1938, her sister Mahbuba and her spouse, sattor Jab Bor, a chemist who had been educated in Germany, also claimed innocence. However, despite the fact that not a single conviction was proven, on may 17, 1938, Matluba Muhammedova was sentenced to 10 years in prison by The Tashkent regional court. He goes to the usolsky camp of cold Siberia, where the wrongful punishment is served. On 26 February 1940, Matluba Muhammedova's application was re-examined and she was acquitted. After returning to his homeland, he graduated from the Medical Institute during the war years. His younger brother Fathulla, who was imprisoned during his student years at the Institute of architecture in 1937, returns from his prison in Vorkuta in critical condition after the war. Matluba goes to Namangan for his brother and heals him. Only after The Death Of Stalin will they return to Tashkent. Matluba Muhammad worked honestly for many years on the path of Public Health, earning the respect of el yurt. Once Upon a time in the Fatherland, Matluba Muhammedova, whose fiery poems ended in the dream of independence, saw with her own eyes the independence of Uzbekistan. According to the memoirs of his nephews, the hurl of the nation turned out to shed endless youth of joy on the days of the declaration of the independence of the country.
Matluba Muhammedova died in Tashkent in 1998.
— It turns out that girls who studied abroad began to dress like Europeans, influencing not only the philosophy of the jadids, but also their appearance. In particular, the behavior of young men and women who returned from their studies from Germany, with great changes in their worldview, was the focus of everyone. At this point, if you also tell about new projects that our jadid women have already implemented in a short time...
— At that time there was a lot of tension and discussion between the Ancients and those who innovated in traditional habits. Naturally, the ancients formed the majority in this process. It is true that objections to dress, propaganda about the newspaper's heresy, prohibitions on theater, rejection of new living opportunities in a lifestyle, and even statements of opinion against eating a dish with a spoon as it is not in Sunnah caused serious controversy and debate as the day passed...
Now think for yourself: Was it not natural for our jadids to be amazed by the technical innovations there as a representative of the people running hoe and farming when they went to Germany?..
These representatives of our people, who at that time made flour in a burrow or in a watermill, worked in the juvozs, looked at huge ships in Europe, factories and factories, pilots flying in the sky, trains as a huge phenomenon. All these innovations revolutionize the worldview of the jadids, and it is quite natural that these strange realities were written and promoted in their articles. It was very-very desirable that there would be such changes in their own land. They are committed to bringing new breaths into every industry in which they operate. Their articles are published in the World Press. Behbudi and Iskhakhan, who went abroad before themselves and enjoyed the breeze of progress, are convinced that what they say is not a lie, like the Torah lesson.
Changes and updates in the psyche of the jadids, on their own, evoke an incentive even in the youth of that time. The jadids, who, of course, felt the need for the advancement of Science, the development of thought, began to act fearlessly.
Although they risked their lives, they were in favor of approaching Europe.
- Importantly, the jadids began to implement new projects in the areas in which they operated. In particular, it turned out that Khairiniso Majidkhanova returned from Germany to organize a children's examination in remote villages, new medical treatments caused a lot of hype. And Diloro Yusupova, the first Law woman, was the first Uzbek woman in the ranks of intellectuals who founded the Uzbek law school. Isn't it?
- In the fall of 1922, among the 16 students enrolled by the society "support" of the Republic of Turkestan to study in Germany, Khairiniso Majidkh onova stands out.
Attending an ordinary school for girls at a time when it is itself facing serious opposition, their journey far abroad for education is valued by the ziyo Li as immense courage. Even on the occasion of the departure of the young poet Botu Heiniso to Germany, the poem "be careful, beautiful bird" ends.
Khairiniso initially studied at The New School in Mirobod and studied Russian and German. The formation of her worldview was influenced by the Turkestan jadid press, as well as her sister Oyposhshakhon, who at this time was studying in the first Uzbek women's country of knowledge. The article of Khairiniso Majidkhanova, published in the Turkestan newspaper in 1922, included the dreams of a girl who had just welcomed 17 years old about the prospect of her homeland. You read the article, first of all, it is natural that many are surprised by how broad the thinking of an Uzbek girl who lived at the beginning of the last century, how intensely she feels in front of the fate of the motherland. The author noted that " the situation of incense in the World Trade Area of Turkestan has remained at a fundamental level since the XVII century... At the beginning of the 20th century, our Turkis ton was sleeping peacefully, as long as the people of Iran, who were still neighbors, were watered with political opinions and shed blood on their way to industrial stagnation and escape the influence of outsiders on their own El... Only the railway came from Russia, and the trading area expanded... It is clear from this that if there is a caravan path that has passed through our land, which has made our land bright, it is a glorious path that makes our prospects bright, and which makes our land of World Trade. They extend our trade, give us wealth and prosperity, and open ourselves the opportunity to stagnate a large industry."
 

Khairiniso Majidkhanova received a certificate of Secondary Education in 1923-1924, studying at the school "learning German for foreigners" in Berlin. In 1924-1926 he studied in the direction of German language and literature at the Teachers ' Seminary in Darmstadt.
He then spent two years of practice in educational institutions in Berlin, earning a diploma of secondary special education. In addition to his pedagogical practice in Berlin, he also studied at the renowned Dr. Fekkelman's private school preparing medical staff. Khairiniso Majidkhanova returned to our country in 1928 year and with all his might to introduce to life all the innovations learned in the field of Medicine. Even the children's survey, which organized the health of children in remote villages, has received the recognition of many of our compatriots. However, Khairiniso Majidkhanova navqiron, who was following the path of Great Goals, at the age of 32 was caught in a whirlwind of bloody repression of the totalitarian regime. On September 13, 1937, he was imprisoned on a false accusation that "he studied in Germany in 1922-1928 and returned to the territory of the USSR in 1928 as a spy". The infamous "triple" trial, held on October 9, 1938, imposed a death sentence on him, despite the fact that none of the charges had been proven.
The sentence was carried out on the same day.
The first Uzbek female lawyer Diloro Yusupova, on the other hand, left an indelible mark on our history with her father Sobirjon Yusupov, who, when creating the First School of lawyers of our nation, showed a passionate leek. Diloro Yusupova's life was marked by persecution and persecution due to her father's political views. He was sent to study in Moscow by the Bukhara people's Republic, despite the very young age of 1922. There he received his education under the Uzbek educational institute. In 1926, Diloro Yusupova began working in the district committee of the Tashkent Komsomol.
At the moment, he entered the Judicial Department of the Central Asian State University (SAGU)and continued his education until 1929. Diloro graduated from the Institute in 1929 and was sent to work on a ticket to Samarkand. He worked there for a year in the water management department.
Diloro Yusupova met in Samarkand as early as Moscow, when she married Muhammadjan Mouminov (1903-1938) of Namangan, who was a judge of the Supreme Court of the Özssr. Mohammadjan successfully defended the dip lom case, written in the late 1928 ida on "prosecutorial supervision in the country's management system", graduating from the University with a red diploma. He came to Samarkand in 1929 and became a member of the collegium of the Supreme Court of Uzbekistan. From 1931 he was head of the department at the people's Commissariat of Ozssr Yustitia, from 1932-1935 he was director of the socialistic Institute of construction and research of law. Later M.Mo on the initiative of minov, a legal institute was established on the basis of the same institute.
At a short time with his enthusiasm, many legal dictionaries, magazines, books were released. In particular, it turned out that the 1932 book" na Fronte teorii gosudarstva I prava " went out of print and caused a sensation. Diloro Yusupova initially, on Muhammadjan's recommendation, prepared for graduate school. When they moved to Tashkent in 1931, he entered the Research Institute of Soviet law. In December 1934, after passing the exams for the graduation of the institute, he was sent to work in the prosecutor's Office of the Republic with a ticket. After a probationary period, Diloro was appointed to the position of Assistant Prosecutor of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 1935. The young family was sarmast from happiness. Despite the contradictions in work, the reproaches of envious ones, they argued every day over new ideas, works. In their bosom, their children Marat and Surayya grow up. On March 29, 1937, unknown copies were knocked on the door of Uezdnoy Street 11 in tun allamahali. Showing his order in hand M.Mo ' they settled the minov in the "Black Crow". On September 22, 1937, Diloro Yusupova, a 25-year-old assistant prosecutor, was also arrested as the wife of "enemy of the people" Muhammadjan Mouminov, who hid her husband's troskyism, counter-revolutionary activities. His 6-year-old son Marat and 4-year-old daughter Surayya went to the children's home. On October 4, 1938, Muhammadjan Mouminov was shot with a smear saying from the leaders of the 1927 Moscow demonstration. This was followed by the trial of Diloro Yusupova on 14 March 1939, when the criminal case was suspended, concluding that no signs of the crime provided for by Article 68 of the OSSR JK were found. On March 19, 1939, he was released from prison after receiving a grudge about never talking about the torture and interrogations he had been subjected to during his investigation. In a June 2, 1956 interrogation, jurist olima Khadicha Sulaymanova says of his mentor Muhammadjan Mouminov and Diloro Yusupova: "that man was the director when I studied at the instut of Soviet law 1932-1935. M.Mo ' everyone loved and listened to minov's lectures. He was in his time the only higher-educated Uzbek jurist, a true scientist.
Life was not easy for an incomparable talent and his incredibly educated and talented spouse. Their enthusiasm, their knowledge, was always the cause of envy of others. M.Mo ' minov and Diloro Yusupova were able to supply the necessary national army of lawyers for our country, leaving after themselves a whole school of Uzbek lawyers."
Here we are talking about the Uzbek science, about several of our female intellectuals who were passionate about the way of prosperity of el-yurt. They were actually much, much more. Unfortunately, we do not yet know anything about such jadid women who showed dedication from shoulder to shoulder with our jadid grandfathers, who were subjected to the repression of the former regime. In the following years, at the initiative of our president, special attention is paid to the study, promotion of the jadidism movement and its manifestations, which are an important part of our national history. So, in the coming years, we believe that all the truths about this will be clarified and justice will be decided.

The correspondent of" new Uzbekistan " talked.



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